The British Army At The Age Of 17 Essay - 1559 Words

There was a young guy who joined the British Army at the age of 17 in order to do something with his life that he believed to be of significance. He wanted to serve Queen and country. He wanted to experience war. He wanted to fight. He wanted to win. He wanted to be validated as important and special by others. After 8 years of voluntary military service, he handed his notice and ended his contract for what he believed would be a normal life out side of the HM Forces. He wanted a normal life, he wanted some normal and consistent relationships, and he wanted a normal job and a girlfriend he could see whenever he wanted. He wanted to feel valued somewhere, and he wanted to feel important. He wanted to know that he d be missed somewhere when he wasn t around. He wanted to be his own person and free from small-minded military regimentals, free from the restrictions of rules and conformity to legalism, he wanted out, he wanted freedom. He wanted to make progress in life. He wanted to connect with new people and develop new relationships. He wanted to know love and he wanted to know freedom. He wanted some certainty and needed to become both confident and secure in who he was. He needed to pay the bills, he needed some direction and purpose, he needed to make sense of his life, he needed peace from his demons and the memories of his past. He needed change, he needed to take risks and step out in faith that even in the midst of uncertainty, he d be able to develop who heShow MoreRelatedBenjamin Martin, A French And Indian War921 Words   |  4 PagesCongress in Charleston where he refuses to cast a vote in favor of South Carolina joining the war. The Congress however votes to join the war against the British and his oldest son, Gabriel enlists in the Continental Army. Two years into the war, the farm s fields become a battlefield and Benjamin decides to treat the wounded, British and Continental Army soldiers, including his son Gabriel. 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Why I Dance Free Essays

Ever since I was a little girl dance has always been in my life. I can still remember as a three year old putting on my favorite pink sparkly costume on, and applying bright red-hot lipstick all over my chirpy face. I would put glitter all over my face and run around the house twirling. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I Dance or any similar topic only for you Order Now I felt like I was a princess whenever I danced, but sometimes I think I got so into my own fantasy, that I got so dizzy I knocked myself into the wall. And the wall wasn’t the only thing I got myself knocked into, I got myself into chairs, tables and even a lamp! Usually I would just cry for a couple minutes and my mother would comfort me but then I’d get right back on my feet and start twirling. But once I knocked into my mother’s lamp, I think that was the last straw she finally said to me, â€Å"Honey, if I put you in a dance class will you PROMISE me you wont dance in the house again? † and that’s how it all began†¦ Now 10 years later I still keep dancing. Dancing is not so much as a choice to me as a need. When one is thirsty, one drinks water. When I hear music, my body naturally starts moving because this is what I need to do to stay alive. Dance is and will always be my passion. People tend to ask me why I love dance so much, but words can’t explain, you have to be a dancer to completely understand the love of this art. Maybe it’s the control of the dancers body to execute each move flawlessly that enraptures me? Or it could be the look on the dancers’ face that that says they love what they’re doing? Either way I love to dance. It brings such joy to so many people, both the dancer and the people watching. Some people may disagree and say, â€Å"Dance is not a sport! † But I say it is. Sports require pushing your body physical body to reach its maximum performance level. Some people consider throwing a ball and tackling a sport. But in my mind that is not a sport. Dance is a sport. Dance requires grace and elegance. Dance requires you to feel the music, and let the music seep into you. To dance you have to take all your emotions out and mix them with your body and muscles and you get a beautiful aroma of dance. Dance requires pushing your bodies to the ultimate limit, to dance you have to stretch daily and get as flexible as you can be. Dance requires patience and practice. In dance you may not get a new move right away, so you have to be patient with yourself and keep practicing and practicing till you finally get the move. So when you combine all these elements passion, practice, patience, flexibility and emotion you get something beautiful, you get dance. In a way dance is like life. Whenever I’m learning a new move I always find myself landing on the ground head flat hard. I yelp in pain from the sore in my thigh, but I just get right back on my feet for more. In life you always find yourself facing new challenges. But if you run into a new challenge you just need to get right up back on your feet, live your life, and face the challenges. The shiny lemon-scented smooth wood bar tightly screwed onto the wall is like my friends and family. The ballet bar is like my family because when I’m going through tough things in life my friends and family are always there to comfort and help me through the problem. Well the ballet bar is like that to because when I dance or use the bar to stretch and I feel I a little off balance I just grip the bar. So the bar is like my family and friends because it gives me the support I need when I dance. I remember the day I bought my first pair of Pointe shoes. They were so perfectly wrapped and pretty. They were a beautiful shade of light pink leather and smelled like a new car. They were as soft as velvet and just absolutely perfect. In Ballet each time I master a new step, its like life, my ballet shoes represent new beginnings. When I graduate college, that will be a new beginning, and when I am older and get married, that will be a new beginning. All throughout life, we begin new things whether there good or bad we just have to keep living our lives and enjoy it because we only have one. Now ten years later from twirling around my house and knocking into walls, and lamps I think about how much I’ve grown as a dancer and a person. Dance has helped me in a lot of areas; I am very athletic, strong, and have high self-esteem. I am encouraged now more than ever to try my best in class, at competitions, and in life in general. So in conclusion, dance is a perfect example of everything I want to be when I’m older: Strong, beautiful, smart and hopeful. I know I’m not completely those things now, but I can strive to become them, as I get older. I love dance, and I hope to dance for the rest of my life, and when I’m 60 years old I’ll still be able to do my splits. And that’s why Dance is and will always be my passion. How to cite Why I Dance, Papers

Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Identify the clinical priorities in the management of this patient. The clinical priorities are the most important or pressing patient problems or issues based on the presented assessment data. Answer: Introduction Many individuals die from diabetic ketoacidosis across the world. Scholars advocate that poor or pitiable patient education is possibly the critical determinant of the prevalence of the upheaval which constitutes diabetic ketoacidosis. It is important to note that in most cases, only about a quarter of the patients are initial presenters with the presently acquired or developed diabetes mellitus type whereas the remainder of the patient's populace is recognized people with diabetes who possess severe illness which precipitate diabetic ketoacidosis or non-complaint with insulin therapy. According to Kumar, Galanter, and Ize-Ludlow (2014), Diabetic ketoacidosis is best recognized as a disorder which trails on the imbalance between the level of counter regulatory hormones and the level of insulin. In other words, DKA manifest itself because of the marked insulin deficiency in the face of higher levels of the hormone which oppose the impacts of insulin specifically glucagon. It is essent ial to note that even a small amount of insulin can lead to the formation of ketoacid. Some of the hormones which antagonize the effects of insulin include catecholamine, estrogen, cortisol, and glucagon. The graduate RNs should understand this case to help in saving lives within a minimum time. Knowing the symptoms and effects of diabetic ketoacidosis would help the RNs graduate to act professionally in treating the disease. Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Which Explains The Abnormal Data Assessment The triggers of diabetic ketoacidosis are quite essential to know. Patients presented with diabetic ketoacidosis are usually severely ill since diabetic ketoacidosis itself is a metabolic catastrophe, and other disorders may be too present. The common precipitants of diabetic ketoacidosis include severe underlying infection, poor compliance with the insulin therapy, and other inter-current diseases such as gangrenous bowel, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction (Klocker, Phelan, Twigg Craig, 2013). In the same token, antipsychotic agents such as olanzapine and clozapine can as well precipitate DKA. Patients suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis have marked electrolyte and fluid deficits. It is approximate that these patients more often have a fluid deficit of 101ml/kg and therefore require numerous hundred mill moles of sodium (3-10mmol/kg) and potassium ion (2-5+mmol/kg) and being deficient in magnesium and phosphate. Wolfsdorf, Allgrove, Craig, Edge, Glaser, Jain, and Hanas, (2014), argue that the replacement of the above deficits can be more difficult because of the existence of an array of factors comprising the derangement of pH which is related with diabetic ketoacidosis. There are a lot of mechanisms which be used to deplete fluid in diabetic ketoacidosis. The tools include an inability to take in the fluid because of reduced consciousness levels, vomiting which commonly associated with DKA, and osmotic diuresis as a result of hyperglycemia (Carmody Philipson, 2015). It is worth noting that the depletion of the electrolyte is linked to the osmotic diuresis. Additionally, the loss of potassium occurs as a result of the acidotic state as well as the fact that in spite of the total depletion of the body potassium, the levels of serum potassium often remain high, prejudicing to the renal loss. DKA is an extension of some of the standard physiological mechanisms which compensate for starvation (Erondu, Desai, Ways, and Meininger, 2015). Remarkably, during the fasting state, the body normally changes to fat oxidation from metabolism base carbohydrates. The patient might have developed the high condition levels of sugar in the body or illness. Missed insulin treatment left the patient with less insulin in his system thus triggering the condition. Other diseases caused the body of the patient to produce high levels of particular hormones, for example, cortisol and adrenaline and the hormones countered insulin effects. Two highest priority clinical problems to focus on The two highest priority clinical problems I would focus on include ensuring low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and ensuring low potassium (hypokalemia). I would first monitor the patients blood sugar and record it. Besides, I will adjust his insulin dosage as required to meet his insulin target range. Together with other practitioners, the patients ketone level would be checked using the over-the-counter urine ketone test kit (Rosenstock Ferrannini, 2015). I would monitor electrolyte and glucose levels, and administer intravenous insulin as well as fluid on the patient. Correcting the fluid loss would involve ringer solution or isotonic sodium solution (Tran et al. 2017). The two highest priority clinical problems ought to be addressed as soon as possible to help in saving the patients life. Insulin level must be reduced to normal to avoid the occurrence high pressure and heart attack. Collaborative and nursing intervention to be carried out for the patient within 24 hours Managing Diabetic ketoacidosis within a minimal period is vital for the life of a patient. In regards to the patient, the nurses would hurriedly bring him to the intensive care unit. The nurses would administer the patients glucose level and the level of potassium to ascertain what the patient is suffering from. The physicians together with the nurses will check on the patients electrolyte and the deficits of fluids. After establishing the patients condition, different doctors would be involved in correcting of the fluid loss with the intravenous fluids. Moreover, a physician would correct the electrolyte disturbance, specifically, potassium loss (Jefferies et al. 2015). Additionally, the doctors would correct hyperglycemia with insulin as well as correct acid-base balance. The doctors would after which intervene if treatment of concurrent infection is appropriate. How the medical team would evaluate the patients responses to the interventions The patients response towards the medications is significant since it helps the medical practitioners to know the progress of the patient. According to Peters, Buschur, Buse, Cohan, Diner, and Hirsch, (2015), the medical team would expect the patient to remain normovolemic which will be evidenced by the urinary outputs becoming greater or higher than 31 ml/hr. In the same vein, the medical evaluate the patients pressure by it becoming normal. The blood glucose levels will be expected to range between 69 200 mg/dL (Misra Oliver, 2015). Notably, for the medical team to be satisfied with the patients condition, they would need to see when the blood glucose levels not to be more than 250 mg/dL. Conclusion In conclusion, Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a possibly life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, and this makes it a medical emergency once presented in a healthcare facility. Nurses and medical practitioners ought to know how to recognize or identify as well as maintain Diabetic ketoacidosis. The medical professionals ought also to understand how to maintain insulin level as well as electrolyte balance to help patients survive this severe condition. Patients suffering from Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) need close and regular blood glucose monitoring. Patients are required to visit their doctors regular check-ups to obtain normal blood glucose. The condition continues to have higher rates of mortality and morbidity in spite of the advances developed in the treatments of diabetes mellitus. Notably, persons with ketosis-prone diabetes ought to have proper glucose management and impaired insulin secretion to avoid the disease becomes chronic. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) manife st itself as result of the marked insulin deficiency in the face of higher levels of the hormone which oppose the impacts of insulin specifically glucagon. It is essential to note that even a small amount of insulin can lead to the formation of ketoacid. Some of the hormones which antagonize the effects of insulin include catecholamine, estrogen, cortisol, and glucagon References Carmody, D., Naylor, R. N., Philipson, L. H. (2015). Insulin dosing in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis: where to start?. Jama, 313(22), 2274-2275. Cherubini, V., Skrami, E., Ferrito, L., Zucchini, S., Scaramuzza, A., Bonfanti, R., ... Chiari, G. (2016). High frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Italian children: a nationwide longitudinal study, 20042013. Scientific reports, 6. Erondu, N., Desai, M., Ways, K. and Meininger, G., 2015. Diabetic ketoacidosis and related events in the canagliflozin type 2 diabetes clinical program. Diabetes Care, p.dc151251. Jefferies, C. A., Nakhla, M., Derraik, J. G., Gunn, A. J., Daneman, D., Cutfield, W. S. (2015). Preventing diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatric Clinics, 62(4), 857-871. Klocker, A. A., Phelan, H., Twigg, S. M., Craig, M. E. (2013). Blood ?hydroxybutyrate vs. urine acetoacetate testing for the prevention and management of ketoacidosis in Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetic Medicine, 30(7), 818-824. Kumar, A., Galanter, W. L., Ize-Ludlow, D. (2014). Is Diabetic Ketoacidosis Prevention at Reach for Single Health System Intervention?. In Diabetes, Hypoglycemia Obesity: Pediatric Endocrinology (pp. SUN-0142). Endocrine Society. Misra, S., Oliver, N. S. (2015). Utility of ketone measurement in the prevention, diagnosis and management of diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetic Medicine, 32(1), 14-23. Peters, A. L., Buschur, E. O., Buse, J. B., Cohan, P., Diner, J. C., Hirsch, I. B. (2015). Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a potential complication of treatment with sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 inhibition. Diabetes care, 38(9), 1687-1693. Rewers, A., Dong, F., Slover, R. H., Klingensmith, G. J., Rewers, M. (2015). Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Colorado youth, 1998-2012. Jama, 313(15), 1570-1572. Rosenstock, J., Ferrannini, E. (2015). Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a predictable, detectable, and preventable safety concern with SGLT2 inhibitors. Diabetes Care, 38(9), 1638-1642. Tran, T. T., Pease, A., Wood, A. J., Zajac, J. D., Mrtensson, J., Bellomo, R., Ekinci, E. I. (2017). Review of evidence for adult diabetic ketoacidosis management protocols. Frontiers in endocrinology, 8, 106. Wolfsdorf, J. I., Allgrove, J., Craig, M. E., Edge, J., Glaser, N., Jain, V., ... Hanas, R. (2014). Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatric diabetes, 15(S20), 154-179.

Romeo And Juliet New Ending Essays - Characters In Romeo And Juliet

Romeo And Juliet New Ending New Ending Act V, Scene III Verona. A churchyard; the monument of the Capulets. Enter Romeo and Paris. Paris This is that banished haughty Montague, That murdered my love's cousin, with which grief It is supposed that fair creature died, And here is come to do some villainous shame To the dead bodies. I will apprehend him. Stop thy unhallowed toil vile Montague. Can vengance be pursued further than death? Condemned villian, I do apprehend thee. Obey and go with me, for thou must die. Romeo I must indeed, and therefor came I hither, Good gentle youth, tempt not a desperate man For thou nor any man shall prevent me from being with my love tonight, Put not another sin upon my head By urging me to fury. O be gone For I shall know not what I do but rather do what I must A madman's mercy bid thee, run away. Paris I defy thee! For thou hast done my love great injustice. Romeo Her love is mine! Your love she shall never be! [they fight] [Paris is slain] Romeo Forgive me good sir For again, I know not what I do Inside the tomb of Capulet Romeo O Fair Juliet why must thou torture me so For even in death thy beauty is paralleled only by the stars in the sky. O Lord what great injustice hast thou done to thee For my love is gone And no greater crime against me can thou think of. Tis our familes' to blame Not us. For they are blinded by tradition and driven by hatred. O but it matters not. Soon shall I be with thee and soon shall I once again be merry, For to live forth be not true life but hell. Only is life with thee heaven. And alas, A choice have I, Heaven, or Hell? Ha! you must be jest, a question for the fools is this. Heaven is thine choice! Fair Juliet, as this vile poison shall pass through thine lips, I think not of death, but light, of heavenly divine That shall greeteth me once I have gone And her name be Juliet. [Romeo brings poison to his lips] Juliet Halt! Gentle Romeo, the lord call you not. For the death that hast become me, be no more than a mask that I wear Romeo Can it be true? Fair Juliet lives? O thank the lord! A love as great as thine can not be grasped even by Deaths icy hand! For it looks death in the face and laughs! Juliet O Dear love Tis true this occasion is a merry one Yet I fear happiness be here not. Hark, something yonder is astir [enter Friar Laurence] Friar Laurence O Thank the heavens a thousand fold For it twas the worst that I feared for thee Lucky are you the lord be by your side But haste must be made both houses of Capulet and Montague come hither And joining them be none other than Prince. I bid thee, flee from this place of death For this godforsaken city bring thee no justice nor righteousness, Fashioned were the walls of Verona to house the devil's minions And that it does. And so begone or thou shalt meet thy fate! Juliet Dear Friar the lord himself be in you So good a man deserve not be in such a place as you speak of So pray I for thee to one day be amongst men of eqaul greatness And so Farewell good man Pray I our paths will cross in better days [exit Romeo and Juliet] [enter Prince, Capulet, and Montague] Prince Good Friar, Mistaken am I to say you know of the events taken place In this house of death Friar Laurence Before thou can know that of the present Thou shalt learn that of the past Romeo be husband to her Juliet Married them I did, and yet their secret wedding day Was also Tybalt's doomsday. And faithful wife Juliet be was to wed to County Paris And then with incredible sorrow, Thou bid me devise some mean to rid Her of this second marriage Or slay herself immediately say she. A sleeping potion of thine own creation Was to be her relief Though I writ to Romeo biding him to come hither To awake the sleeping Juliet this night, Fail did he to receive it. So upon receiving my own letter back I rushed hither To prevent the

Windows 2000 essays

Windows 2000 essays When deciding on an operating system to use there are many things that should be looked at, such as the hardware, software that is available for the operating system, the total cost involved, which includes hardware and software, what type of user interface is available, and what it is doing in the market. The market could influence what type of support is out there for the operating system. Hardware requirements for an operating system (actually almost any software) are a funny thing. Everyone wants them to mean something different. The software manufacturers are focused on selling their software and have a stake in getting as much of the purchasers money as possible. The hardware vendors have a stake (like the software vendor) in maximizing their own share of purchase dollars. The system buyer wants to make the minimum investment necessary to support their requirements. A well-informed buyer realizes that hardware costs are always dropping and they do not want to overbuy on hardware. Given all of this, hardware requirements are often a mixed bag as far as a specific roadmap for what you must purchase. A smart hardware purchase is mapped to specific requirements and benchmarked against similar implementations. One further complication that will affects the comparison is, an enterprise UNIX server will be found in a larger data center hosting enterprise class applications such as an ERP or database. Windows 2000 servers may be found in the same companies; however, they will be providing an administrative function (e.g., hosting a shared drive or providing network authentication services). Windows 2000 is relatively simple. It is designed to work with virtually any Pentium class processor. It requires 128 MB of RAM (256 MB recommended) and supports up to 4GB. Later versions of the system will likely support more ram and they migrate to 64bits. At least 1 gigabyte of hard disk space is required for a ...

Banking failures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Banking failures - Essay Example The research is based on the recent International financial crisis of UK banking system 08/09, which failed to adhere to existing financial and national regulations. The significant impact of shadow banking system that facilitates complex financial structures, derivatives and asset securities have resulted in extreme trading risk as compared to the normal banking operations. The banking system is regulated by the competition commission, which summon operations of the banks towards a complex monopoly for banking giants as compared to the smaller banks. Banking failures are termed as shutting down the operations of the bank due to inability of paying of its depositors or have lesser funds to meet its creditors and regulators obligations. The distributions of its assets and liabilities are evident due to insolvency of the bank which implicit that its assets are undervalued as compared to its liabilities at market value. The banking regulations are accredited by three organisations mainl y FSA (Financial Services Authority), Treasury and Bank of England. The interventions of the regulators were limited to aggressive situations only but since the banking crisis, the regulators are alarmed with the current regulation system. The most critical drawback for increased regulations in United Kingdom is enforcement of international banks to operate in lesser regulated environment offshore. This could result in a huge impact on the employment and financial institution of the country and across the globe. (Buckle & Thompson, pp. 333-345, 2005). The banking system is adhered to principle based approach as compared to the U.S rules based regulatory system. The FSA regulates promotion of efficient and rational financial services to its consumers and to achieve its objective, it ensures standards are in place for the operational activities of banks and financial institutions (Buckle & Thompson, pp. 333-345, 2005). The banking stability in UK is adhered to the Banking Act (2009), which implicit that influential organisations can be held responsible for taking control over the bank in midst of crisis and banking regulations (Parliament, 2010). It also stimulates that in case of bankruptcy of failure of banking system the ownership is controlled under public or government organisation such as Bank of England and Treasury. This has led in recent downfall of financial institutions like Northern Rock, which was rescued by the Bank of England and later on sold to Virgin group. This could be termed as failure in banking system of the oldest British financial institution during the 08/09 financial crunch (Buckle & Thompson, pp. 333-345, 2005). 2. Literature Review The British Banking system has been subject to prudential regulations for quite a long time but is now affirmative in accepting a shift to integrated system, which divulges a single regulator controlling the entire financial intuition sector. According to Buckle and Thompson (2005), the banking failure was apparent since the Great Depression of 1920 when numerous banks and financial institutions collapsed due to failure of regulators and lack of compliance of banking legislations. The British banking sector was not affected with the major crisis until 1973, when Bank of England rescued several secondary banks that were strongly depended on heavy deposits due to intra-bank

New Pharmaceuticals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

New Pharmaceuticals - Essay Example Secondly, the labeling of the drug is verified and its contents are determined. Thirdly, the methods of manufacturing adopted are verified for their effectiveness in retaining the drug’s â€Å"identity, strength, quality and purity† in adequate measures. The NDA has been so designed as to reveal the whole history behind development the drug such as animal studies, human clinical trials, mechanism of action of the drug on the body, methods of manufacture and packaging (NewDrugApplication). Development Process Discovery or invention of a new drug usually involves selecting a few say five out of more than 5,000 new compounds that are considered safe enough to conduct trials in humans and pre-clinical evaluations lasting for three to six years. From the five compounds selected, only one is approved by the FDA for introduction in the market for treatment. The research process involves the following sequence; Target identification, target prioritization/validation, lead ident ification and lead optimization. Once the drug is optimized through in vivo and in vitro studies involving animals, it is used in human volunteers as an investigational drug. There are a number of phases of testing of drug on humans consisting of Phase I Clinical studies, Phase II clinical studies, Phase III clinical studies, Phase IIIb/IV studies and Post Approval studies. Phase I meant for verification of safety and tolerability in humans lasts for six to nine months. Usually 20 to 100 healthy volunteers are given the investigational drug for a short term for documentation as to how the drugs is absorbed, distributed, metabolized in the body and excreted from the body. Phase II determines the effectiveness and further safety of the candidate drug on the humans. This phase would last for a period of six months to three years. In Phase III, the drug undergoes randomized and blind clinical trials involving several hundred to thousands of volunteering patients for whose diseases the d rug is intended. Phase III b is usually the immediate pre-approval stage. Post approval stage involves testing of the drug introduced in the market focusing on unknown side effects and other risk factors (PPD). Cost of development It has been estimated that new drug discoveries have increased human life expectancy and economic gains from new drugs are estimated to be more than $ 500 billion per year. In view of the above said prolonged development phases, a company has to incur costs not less than $ 800 million to $ 2 billion per drug. In once instance, Pfizer has reported an investment of $ 800 million for Phase III trials alone for one drug. The cost is huge because the U.S. F.D.A. approves just one drug out of five compounds selected out of 5,000 to 10,000 compounds originally studied. It takes at least 12 to 15 years for discovery and development of a drug. Though the patent period is 20 years for a drug, effective period available to the drug developer is hardly 12 years in vie w of the time consumed in the developmental period when the drug developer is allowed to use the drug along the way on volunteers (Masia n d ) Works Cited Masia, Neal. The Cost of Developing a New Drug, Focus on Intellectual Prperty Rights. n.d . 27 March 2011